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Notes on remote sensing.

Practical explanations of the methods behind land cover classification, trend detection, and spectral indices — written for people who'll actually use the numbers.

What Is Cloud-Based Geospatial Analysis? A Plain-English Guide

How planetary-scale cloud platforms let anyone analyse decades of satellite imagery without downloading files or writing code.

How Satellites Detect Coral Bleaching From Space

Sea-surface temperature anomalies and multi-date reflectance change give reef conservation an early, wide-area warning system.

Land Use / Land Cover (LULC) Mapping, Explained

How supervised machine-learning classification turns satellite imagery into thematic maps — and why every map needs an accuracy assessment.

NDVI Explained: Formula, Values & Measurement

How NDVI is calculated from red and near-infrared reflectance, what the values actually mean, and the three places it commonly breaks down.

Mann-Kendall Trend Test Explained for Remote Sensing

Why a slope alone can't tell you if a trend is real, and how a non-parametric significance test separates genuine change from year-to-year noise.

Random Forest vs CART vs SVM for Land Cover Classification

A practical comparison of the three most common classifiers, and why your validation method matters more than which one you pick.

Put these methods to work — no code required.

Land-cover classification, NDVI trends with Mann-Kendall significance, spectral indices and more — explained in depth across our guides and interactive tools.

Explore the interactive tools →

Landsat vs Sentinel-2: Which Data Should You Use?

Resolution, revisit time, and historical depth compared — and how to choose between them for a given analysis.

Kappa Coefficient in GIS Explained

Why Kappa exists alongside overall accuracy, and the legitimate criticisms of relying on it too heavily.

Mapping Urban Heat Islands with Thermal Remote Sensing

Why a relative comparison, not absolute temperature, is what actually defines an urban heat island.

The Ultimate Guide to Zonal Statistics in GIS

How zonal statistics summarize raster data within boundaries, and why the mean alone can mislead.

All concept articles

Deep-dive explainers for every index and analysis — formula, bands, interpretation, limitations and citation.

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